In plain words: Different ways to train sequence models — plain example matching, reinforcement learning, and tricks in between — fit one framework differing only in reward settings. A new version that shifts settings as training goes on beat the fixed ones on translation, summarization, and game imitation.
Abstract
Sequence prediction models can be learned from example sequences with a variety of training algorithms. Maximum likelihood learning is simple and efficient, yet can suffer from compounding error at test time. Reinforcement learning such as policy gradient addresses the issue but can have prohibitively poor exploration efficiency. A rich set of other algorithms such as RAML, SPG, and data noising, have also been developed from different perspectives. This paper establishes a formal connection between these algorithms. We present a generalized entropy regularized policy optimization formulation, and show that the apparently distinct algorithms can all be reformulated as special instances of the framework, with the only difference being the configurations of a reward function and a couple of hyperparameters. The unified interpretation offers a systematic view of the varying properties of exploration and learning efficiency. Besides, inspired from the framework, we present a new algorithm that dynamically interpolates among the family of algorithms for scheduled sequence model learning. Experiments on machine translation, text summarization, and game imitation learning demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Bowen Tan, Zhiting Hu, Zichao Yang, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Eric Xing
arXiv:1811.09740 · cs.LG, cs.AI, cs.CL, stat.ML · submitted Nov 24, 2018 · updated Jun 29, 2019
abstract · pdf · html · Major revision. The first two authors contributed equally