In plain words: Explanations meant to reveal a hidden model's logic can be abused to make an unfair model look ethical, called fairwashing. A search for simple if-then rules that copy the model's decisions while passing fairness checks found rules that match closely yet look less unfair.
Abstract · Fairwashing: the risk of rationalization
Black-box explanation is the problem of explaining how a machine learning model -- whose internal logic is hidden to the auditor and generally complex -- produces its outcomes. Current approaches for solving this problem include model explanation, outcome explanation as well as model inspection. While these techniques can be beneficial by providing interpretability, they can be used in a negative manner to perform fairwashing, which we define as promoting the false perception that a machine learning model respects some ethical values. In particular, we demonstrate that it is possible to systematically rationalize decisions taken by an unfair black-box model using the model explanation as well as the outcome explanation approaches with a given fairness metric. Our solution, LaundryML, is based on a regularized rule list enumeration algorithm whose objective is to search for fair rule lists approximating an unfair black-box model. We empirically evaluate our rationalization technique on black-box models trained on real-world datasets and show that one can obtain rule lists with high fidelity to the black-box model while being considerably less unfair at the same time.
Ulrich Aïvodji, Hiromi Arai, Olivier Fortineau, Sébastien Gambs, Satoshi Hara, Alain Tapp
arXiv:1901.09749 · cs.LG, stat.ML · submitted Jan 28, 2019 · updated May 15, 2019
abstract · pdf · html · Accepted to ICML 2019