In plain words: A recipe trains a word-guessing language model in 24 hours on one cheap server, using faster software, smarter design choices, and tuned settings. The resulting model keeps up with BERT on standard language-understanding tests at a small fraction of the usual pretraining cost.
Abstract · How to Train BERT with an Academic Budget
While large language models a la BERT are used ubiquitously in NLP, pretraining them is considered a luxury that only a few well-funded industry labs can afford. How can one train such models with a more modest budget? We present a recipe for pretraining a masked language model in 24 hours using a single low-end deep learning server. We demonstrate that through a combination of software optimizations, design choices, and hyperparameter tuning, it is possible to produce models that are competitive with BERT-base on GLUE tasks at a fraction of the original pretraining cost.
Peter Izsak, Moshe Berchansky, Omer Levy
arXiv:2104.07705 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG · submitted Apr 15, 2021 · updated Sep 9, 2021
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