In plain words: Diffusion models learn to undo noise added gradually, and this study finds the noise schedule must get noisier as images grow. Scaling the input data adjusts the schedule, and with it a pixel model made 1024×1024 images in one stage without upscaling.
Abstract
We empirically study the effect of noise scheduling strategies for denoising diffusion generative models. There are three findings: (1) the noise scheduling is crucial for the performance, and the optimal one depends on the task (e.g., image sizes), (2) when increasing the image size, the optimal noise scheduling shifts towards a noisier one (due to increased redundancy in pixels), and (3) simply scaling the input data by a factor of $b$ while keeping the noise schedule function fixed (equivalent to shifting the logSNR by $\log b$) is a good strategy across image sizes. This simple recipe, when combined with recently proposed Recurrent Interface Network (RIN), yields state-of-the-art pixel-based diffusion models for high-resolution images on ImageNet, enabling single-stage, end-to-end generation of diverse and high-fidelity images at 1024$\times$1024 resolution (without upsampling/cascades).
Ting Chen
arXiv:2301.10972 · cs.CV, cs.GR, cs.LG, cs.MM · submitted Jan 26, 2023 · updated May 21, 2023
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