In plain words: Fans slip one song into a chosen spot in their playlists to nudge the recommender into promoting it. A group with under 0.01% of the training data got up to 40 times more recommendations than a song seen as often, without hurting other songs.
Abstract · Algorithmic Collective Action in Recommender Systems: Promoting Songs by Reordering Playlists
We investigate algorithmic collective action in transformer-based recommender systems. Our use case is a music streaming platform where a collective of fans aims to promote the visibility of an underrepresented artist by strategically placing one of their songs in the existing playlists they control. We introduce two easily implementable strategies to select the position at which to insert the song with the goal to boost recommendations at test time. The strategies exploit statistical properties of the learner by targeting discontinuities in the recommendations, and leveraging the long-tail nature of song distributions. We evaluate the efficacy of our strategies using a publicly available recommender system model released by a major music streaming platform. Our findings reveal that through strategic placement even small collectives (controlling less than 0.01\% of the training data) can achieve up to $40\times$ more test time recommendations than an average song with the same number of training set occurrences. Focusing on the externalities of the strategy, we find that the recommendations of other songs are largely preserved, and the newly gained recommendations are distributed across various artists. Together, our findings demonstrate how carefully designed collective action strategies can be effective while not necessarily being adversarial.
Joachim Baumann, Celestine Mendler-Dünner
arXiv:2404.04269 · cs.IR, cs.LG, cs.SI · submitted Mar 19, 2024 · updated Jan 16, 2025
abstract · pdf · html · Published at NeurIPS 2024, camera-ready updates