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Accuracy-Performance Trade-Offs in LLM Quantization (arxiv.org)
1 point by belter on Nov 5, 2024 | hide | past | pdf | 1 comment on HN

In plain words: Shrinking a model's numbers to 8 or 4 bits makes it faster and lighter, so this study tested three formats on every Llama-3.1 size in 500,000 tests. Eight-bit floating point lost no accuracy, and 4-bit stayed nearly as good while being cheapest for one-at-a-time use.

Abstract · "Give Me BF16 or Give Me Death"? Accuracy-Performance Trade-Offs in LLM Quantization

Quantization is a powerful tool for accelerating large language model (LLM) inference, but the accuracy-performance trade-offs across different formats remain unclear. In this paper, we conduct the most comprehensive empirical study to date, evaluating FP8, INT8, and INT4 quantization across academic benchmarks and real-world tasks on the entire Llama-3.1 model family. Through over 500,000 evaluations, our investigation yields several key findings: (1) FP8 (W8A8-FP) is effectively lossless across all model scales, (2) well-tuned INT8 (W8A8-INT) achieves surprisingly low (1-3\%) accuracy degradation, and (3) INT4 weight-only (W4A16-INT) is more competitive than expected, rivaling 8-bit quantization. Further, we investigate the optimal quantization format for different deployments by analyzing inference performance through the popular vLLM framework. Our analysis provides clear deployment recommendations: W4A16 is the most cost-efficient for synchronous setups, while W8A8 dominates in asynchronous continuous batching. For mixed workloads, the optimal choice depends on the specific use case. Our findings offer practical, data-driven guidelines for deploying quantized LLMs at scale -- ensuring the best balance between speed, efficiency, and accuracy.

Eldar Kurtic, Alexandre Marques, Shubhra Pandit, Mark Kurtz, Dan Alistarh
arXiv:2411.02355 · cs.LG, cs.AI · submitted Nov 4, 2024 · updated May 26, 2026
abstract · pdf · html · Accepted to ACL 2025

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"...We present a comprehensive empirical study of quantized accuracy, evaluating popular quantization formats (FP8, INT8, INT4) across academic benchmarks and real-world tasks, on the entire Llama-3.1 model family. Additionally, our study examines the difference in text generated by quantized models versus their uncompressed counterparts. Beyond benchmarks, we also present a couple of quantization improvements which allowed us to obtain state-of-the-art accuracy recovery results. Our investigation, encompassing over 500,000 individual evaluations, yields several key findings: (1) FP8 weight and activation quantization (W8A8-FP) is lossless across all model scales, (2) INT8 weight and activation quantization (W8A8-INT), when properly tuned, incurs surprisingly low 1-3% accuracy degradation, and (3) INT4 weight-only quantization (W4A16-INT) is competitive with 8-bit integer weight and activation quantization..."