In plain words: A one-line tweak to momentum-based optimizers like AdamW makes each weight move only when the update agrees with the gradient's direction, then rescales the step. This sped up large-language-model training and image classification consistently, with almost no extra tuning.
Abstract
AdamW has been the default optimizer for transformer pretraining. For many years, our community searched for faster and more stable optimizers with only constrained positive outcomes. In this work, we propose a \textbf{one-line modification in Pytorch} to any momentum-based optimizer, which we rename cautious optimizer, e.g. C-AdamW and C-Lion. Our theoretical result shows that this modification preserves Adam's Hamiltonian function and it does not break the convergence guarantee under the Lyapunov analysis. In addition, a whole new family of optimizers is revealed by our theoretical insight. Among them, we pick the simplest one for empirical experiments, showing not only consistent speed-up on LLM pretraining, but also image classification, with minimum extra tuning on hyperparameters. Code is available at https://github.com/kyleliang919/C-Optim.
Kaizhao Liang, Lizhang Chen, Bo Liu, Qiang Liu
arXiv:2411.16085 · cs.LG, cs.AI, cs.CL, cs.CV, cs.DM · submitted Nov 25, 2024 · updated Feb 15, 2026
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