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From Explicit CoT to Implicit CoT: Learning to Internalize CoT Step by Step (arxiv.org)
2 points by calebkaiser on Dec 11, 2024 | hide | past | pdf | discuss on HN

In plain words: The model first learns to write out each reasoning step, then those steps are gradually removed from training so it learns to think them silently. A small language model then multiplied 9-by-9 numbers with up to 99% accuracy, while normal training stalled at 4-by-4.

Abstract

When leveraging language models for reasoning tasks, generating explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) steps often proves essential for achieving high accuracy in final outputs. In this paper, we investigate if models can be taught to internalize these CoT steps. To this end, we propose a simple yet effective method for internalizing CoT steps: starting with a model trained for explicit CoT reasoning, we gradually remove the intermediate steps and finetune the model. This process allows the model to internalize the intermediate reasoning steps, thus simplifying the reasoning process while maintaining high performance. Our approach enables a GPT-2 Small model to solve 9-by-9 multiplication with up to 99% accuracy, whereas standard training cannot solve beyond 4-by-4 multiplication. Furthermore, our method proves effective on larger language models, such as Mistral 7B, achieving over 50% accuracy on GSM8K without producing any intermediate steps.

Yuntian Deng, Yejin Choi, Stuart Shieber
arXiv:2405.14838 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG · submitted May 23, 2024
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