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Selective Adapter Freezing for Memory-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Language Models (arxiv.org)
2 points by PaulHoule on Dec 22, 2024 | hide | past | pdf | discuss on HN

In plain words: Fine-tuning a big language model usually trains small add-on modules bolted onto its frozen layers. This approach freezes the least useful ones early in training, cutting memory use by 43% while keeping task accuracy the same or better.

Abstract · Not All Adapters Matter: Selective Adapter Freezing for Memory-Efficient Fine-Tuning of Language Models

Transformer-based large-scale pre-trained models achieve great success. Fine-tuning is the standard practice for leveraging these models in downstream tasks. Among the fine-tuning methods, adapter-tuning provides a parameter-efficient fine-tuning by introducing lightweight trainable modules while keeping most pre-trained parameters frozen. However, existing adapter-tuning methods still impose substantial resource usage. Through our investigation, we show that each adapter unequally contributes to both task performance and resource usage. Motivated by this insight, we propose Selective Adapter FrEezing (SAFE), which gradually freezes less important adapters early to reduce unnecessary resource usage while maintaining performance. In our experiments, SAFE reduces memory usage, computation amount, and training time by 42.85\%, 34.59\%, and 11.82\%, respectively, while achieving comparable or better task performance compared to the baseline. We also demonstrate that SAFE induces regularization effect, thereby smoothing the loss landscape, which enables the model to generalize better by avoiding sharp minima.

Hyegang Son, Yonglak Son, Changhoon Kim, Young Geun Kim
arXiv:2412.03587 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG · submitted Nov 26, 2024 · updated May 15, 2025
abstract · pdf · html · URL: https://aclanthology.org/2025.naacl-long.480/ Volume: Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers) Year: 2025 Address: Albuquerque, New Mexico

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