about
Reducing the Transformer Architecture to a Minimum [pdf] (arxiv.org)
2 points by DoctorOetker on Feb 12, 2025 | hide | past | pdf | discuss on HN

In plain words: Transformers can be stripped down by dropping the usual extra feed-forward layers, merging paired weight matrices, and making the similarity step symmetric. On two image classification tests, these slimmed versions matched the full design's accuracy while using up to 90% fewer parameters.

Abstract · Reducing the Transformer Architecture to a Minimum

Transformers are a widespread and successful model architecture, particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV). The essential innovation of this architecture is the Attention Mechanism, which solves the problem of extracting relevant context information from long sequences in NLP and realistic scenes in CV. A classical neural network component, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), complements the attention mechanism. Its necessity is frequently justified by its capability of modeling nonlinear relationships. However, the attention mechanism itself is nonlinear through its internal use of similarity measures. A possible hypothesis is that this nonlinearity is sufficient for modeling typical application problems. As the MLPs usually contain the most trainable parameters of the whole model, their omission would substantially reduce the parameter set size. Further components can also be reorganized to reduce the number of parameters. Under some conditions, query and key matrices can be collapsed into a single matrix of the same size. The same is true about value and projection matrices, which can also be omitted without eliminating the substance of the attention mechanism. Initially, the similarity measure was defined asymmetrically, with peculiar properties such as that a token is possibly dissimilar to itself. A possible symmetric definition requires only half of the parameters. We have laid the groundwork by testing widespread CV benchmarks: MNIST and CIFAR-10. The tests have shown that simplified transformer architectures (a) without MLP, (b) with collapsed matrices, and (c) symmetric similarity matrices exhibit similar performance as the original architecture, saving up to 90% of parameters without hurting the classification performance.

Bernhard Bermeitinger, Tomas Hrycej, Massimo Pavone, Julianus Kath, Siegfried Handschuh
arXiv:2410.13732 · cs.LG · submitted Oct 17, 2024 · updated Oct 29, 2024
abstract · pdf · html · 8 pages, to appear in KDIR2024

add comment on HN
Also discussed: Oct 2024 (2 points, 0 comments)