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Diffusion vs. Autoregressive Language Models: A Text Embedding Perspective (arxiv.org)
19 points by doener on May 28, 2025 | hide | past | pdf | 1 comment on HN

In plain words: Instead of reading text left to right like usual language models, this approach uses a diffusion model that looks at the text in both directions to build a search embedding. It beat the left-to-right model by 20% on finding long documents and matched it elsewhere.

Abstract

Large language model (LLM)-based embedding models, benefiting from large scale pre-training and post-training, have begun to surpass BERT and T5-based models on general-purpose text embedding tasks such as document retrieval. However, a fundamental limitation of LLM embeddings lies in the unidirectional attention used during autoregressive pre-training, which misaligns with the bidirectional nature of text embedding tasks. To this end, We propose adopting diffusion language models for text embeddings, motivated by their inherent bidirectional architecture and recent success in matching or surpassing LLMs especially on reasoning tasks. We present the first systematic study of the diffusion language embedding model, which outperforms the LLM-based embedding model by 20% on long-document retrieval, 8% on reasoning-intensive retrieval, 2% on instruction-following retrieval, and achieve competitive performance on traditional text embedding benchmarks. Our analysis verifies that bidirectional attention is crucial for encoding global context in long and complex text.

Siyue Zhang, Yilun Zhao, Liyuan Geng, Arman Cohan, Anh Tuan Luu, Chen Zhao
arXiv:2505.15045 · cs.CL · submitted May 21, 2025
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> We propose adopting diffusion language models for text embeddings, motivated by their inherent bidirectional architecture and recent success in matching or surpassing LLMs especially on reasoning task.

I didn't realize diffusion language models were at this point yet. But what's the catch? why aren't diffusion models (or some kind of hybrid) taking over?