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Watermarking Autoregressive Image Generation (arxiv.org)
2 points by fzliu on Jun 24, 2025 | hide | past | pdf | discuss on HN

In plain words: A hidden signal is woven into image tokens as the generator draws them, so pictures can be traced. Re-reading the image scrambles the tokens and wipes it; fine-tuning the encoder-decoder to round-trip plus a syncing step keeps detection reliable after edits, compression, or removal attempts.

Abstract

Watermarking the outputs of generative models has emerged as a promising approach for tracking their provenance. Despite significant interest in autoregressive image generation models and their potential for misuse, no prior work has attempted to watermark their outputs at the token level. In this work, we present the first such approach by adapting language model watermarking techniques to this setting. We identify a key challenge: the lack of reverse cycle-consistency (RCC), wherein re-tokenizing generated image tokens significantly alters the token sequence, effectively erasing the watermark. To address this and to make our method robust to common image transformations, neural compression, and removal attacks, we introduce (i) a custom tokenizer-detokenizer finetuning procedure that improves RCC, and (ii) a complementary watermark synchronization layer. As our experiments demonstrate, our approach enables reliable and robust watermark detection with theoretically grounded p-values. Code and models are available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/wmar.

Nikola Jovanović, Ismail Labiad, Tomáš Souček, Martin Vechev, Pierre Fernandez
arXiv:2506.16349 · cs.LG, cs.AI, cs.CR, cs.CV · submitted Jun 19, 2025 · updated Oct 23, 2025
abstract · pdf · html · NeurIPS 2025

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