about
Machine Bullshit: Characterizing the Emergent Disregard for Truth in LLMs (arxiv.org)
1 point by ilt on Jul 22, 2025 | hide | past | pdf | discuss on HN

In plain words: A new score rates how little an AI cares whether its answers are true, sorting its dodges into four kinds: empty talk, half-truths, hedging, and unbacked claims. Training on human ratings made these worse, and thinking step by step boosted empty talk and half-truths.

Abstract · Machine Bullshit: Characterizing the Emergent Disregard for Truth in Large Language Models

Bullshit, as conceptualized by philosopher Harry Frankfurt, refers to statements made without regard to their truth value. While previous work has explored large language model (LLM) hallucination and sycophancy, we propose machine bullshit as an overarching conceptual framework that can allow researchers to characterize the broader phenomenon of emergent loss of truthfulness in LLMs and shed light on its underlying mechanisms. We introduce the Bullshit Index, a novel metric quantifying LLMs' indifference to truth, and propose a complementary taxonomy analyzing four qualitative forms of bullshit: empty rhetoric, paltering, weasel words, and unverified claims. We conduct empirical evaluations on the Marketplace dataset, the Political Neutrality dataset, and our new BullshitEval benchmark (2,400 scenarios spanning 100 AI assistants) explicitly designed to evaluate machine bullshit. Our results demonstrate that model fine-tuning with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) significantly exacerbates bullshit and inference-time chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting notably amplify specific bullshit forms, particularly empty rhetoric and paltering. We also observe prevalent machine bullshit in political contexts, with weasel words as the dominant strategy. Our findings highlight systematic challenges in AI alignment and provide new insights toward more truthful LLM behavior.

Kaiqu Liang, Haimin Hu, Xuandong Zhao, Dawn Song, Thomas L. Griffiths, Jaime Fernández Fisac
arXiv:2507.07484 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG · submitted Jul 10, 2025
abstract · pdf · html · Project page, code & data: https://machine-bullshit.github.io

add comment on HN
Also discussed: Jul 2025 (4 points, 1 comment)