In plain words: A chip made only from transistors runs denoising models—the kind that turn random noise into images—in hardware instead of on a GPU. A system-level estimate says it could match a GPU on a simple image task using about 10,000 times less energy.
Abstract
The proliferation of probabilistic AI has prompted proposals for specialized stochastic computers. Despite promising efficiency gains, these proposals have failed to gain traction because they rely on fundamentally limited modeling techniques and exotic, unscalable hardware. In this work, we address these shortcomings by proposing an all-transistor probabilistic computer that implements powerful denoising models at the hardware level. A system-level analysis indicates that devices based on our architecture could achieve performance parity with GPUs on a simple image benchmark using approximately 10,000 times less energy.
Andraž Jelinčič, Owen Lockwood, Akhil Garlapati, Peter Schillinger, Isaac Chuang, Guillaume Verdon, Trevor McCourt
arXiv:2510.23972 · cs.LG, cs.AI · submitted Oct 28, 2025 · updated Dec 10, 2025
abstract · pdf · html · 13 pages, 6 figures