In plain words: Instead of writing messages to each other, AI agents share their thoughts through a common memory, so nothing is lost in translation and no training is needed. Across nine tests it beat text-based teams, with up to 14.6% higher accuracy and fewer words generated.
Abstract · Latent Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems
Multi-agent systems (MAS) extend large language models (LLMs) from independent single-model reasoning to coordinative system-level intelligence. While existing LLM agents depend on text-based mediation for reasoning and communication, we take a step forward by enabling models to collaborate directly within the continuous latent space. We introduce LatentMAS, an end-to-end training-free framework that enables pure latent collaboration among LLM agents. In LatentMAS, each agent first performs auto-regressive latent thoughts generation through last-layer hidden embeddings instead of text. Then, a shared latent working memory preserves and transfers each agent's internal representations and latent thoughts, ensuring lossless information exchange without re-encoding. We provide detailed theoretical analyses showing that LatentMAS achieves higher expressiveness and lossless information preservation with lower overall complexity than standard text-based MAS. In addition, empirical evaluations across 9 comprehensive benchmarks spanning math and science reasoning, commonsense understanding, and code generation show that LatentMAS outperforms advanced single agents and text-based MAS baselines, achieving up to 14.6% higher accuracy, reducing output token usage by 70.8%-83.7%, and providing 4$\times$-4.3$\times$ faster end-to-end inference. Code and data are fully open-sourced at https://github.com/Gen-Verse/LatentMAS.
Jiaru Zou, Ruizhong Qiu, Gaotang Li, Xiyuan Yang, Katherine Tieu, Pan Lu, Ke Shen, Hanghang Tong, Yejin Choi, Jingrui He, James Zou, Mengdi Wang, et al.
arXiv:2511.20639 · cs.CL, cs.AI, cs.LG · submitted Nov 25, 2025 · updated Aug 3, 2026
abstract · pdf · html · ICML2026 Spotlight, Project: https://github.com/Gen-Verse/LatentMAS
Could this be applied to existing models? (Sorry if in paper, just read abstract for now)