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Can You Learn to See Without Images? Procedural Warm-Up for Vision Transformers (arxiv.org)
2 points by andy12_ 296 days ago | hide | past | pdf | 1 comment on HN

In plain words: Before any pictures, a vision model practices on abstract patterns made by simple rules, skipping the usual image input step to build thinking habits. Just 1% of training on this raised ImageNet accuracy by over 1.7%, matching what 28% of the image data would give.

Abstract

Transformers are remarkably versatile, suggesting the existence of generic inductive biases beneficial across modalities. In this work, we explore a new way to instil such biases in vision transformers (ViTs) through pretraining on procedurally generated data devoid of visual or semantic content. We generate this data with simple algorithms such as formal grammars, so the results bear no relationship to either natural or synthetic images. We use this procedurally generated data to pretrain ViTs in a warm-up phase that bypasses their visual patch embedding mechanisms, thus encouraging the models to internalise abstract computational priors. When followed by standard image-based training, this warm-up significantly improves data efficiency, convergence speed, and downstream performance. On ImageNet-1K, for example, allocating just 1% of the training budget to procedural data improves final accuracy by over 1.7%. In terms of its effect on performance, 1% procedurally generated data is thus equivalent to 28% of the ImageNet-1K data. These findings suggest a promising path toward new data-efficient and domain-agnostic pretraining strategies.

Zachary Shinnick, Liangze Jiang, Hemanth Saratchandran, Damien Teney, Anton van den Hengel
arXiv:2511.13945 · cs.CV · submitted Nov 17, 2025 · updated Mar 23, 2026
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Transformers show remarkable versatility across domains, suggesting the existence of inductive biases beneficial across modalities. In this work, we explore a new way to instil such generic biases in vision transformers (ViTs) by pretraining on procedurally-generated data devoid of visual or semantic content. We generate this data with simple algorithms such as formal grammars, so the results bear no relationship to either natural or synthetic images. We use this procedurally-generated data to pretrain ViTs in a warm-up phase that bypasses their visual patch embedding mechanisms, thus encouraging the models to internalise abstract computational priors. When followed by standard image-based training, this warm-up significantly improves data efficiency, convergence speed, and downstream performance. On ImageNet-1k for example, allocating just 1% of the training budget to procedural data improves final accuracy by over 1.7%. In terms of its effect on performance, 1% procedurally generated data is thus equivalent to 28% of the ImageNet-1k data. These findings suggest a promising path toward new data-efficient and domain-agnostic pretraining strategies.