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Yann LeCun: New Vision Language JEPA with Better Performance Than LLMs (arxiv.org)
10 points by bluedevilzn 282 days ago | hide | past | pdf | discuss on HN

In plain words: Instead of guessing the next word, this vision-language model predicts the text's meaning as a vector, and a small decoder turns it into words when needed. Against standard word-by-word training with the same vision encoder and data, it does better with 50% fewer trainable parameters.

Abstract · VL-JEPA: Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture for Vision-language

We introduce VL-JEPA, a vision-language model built on a Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture (JEPA). Instead of autoregressively generating tokens as in classical VLMs, VL-JEPA predicts continuous embeddings of the target texts. By learning in an abstract representation space, the model focuses on task-relevant semantics while abstracting away surface-level linguistic variability. In a strictly controlled comparison against standard token-space VLM training with the same vision encoder and training data, VL-JEPA achieves stronger performance while having 50% fewer trainable parameters. At inference time, a lightweight text decoder is invoked only when needed to translate VL-JEPA predicted embeddings into text. We show that VL-JEPA natively supports selective decoding that reduces the number of decoding operations by 2.85x while maintaining similar performance compared to non-adaptive uniform decoding. Beyond generation, the VL-JEPA's embedding space naturally supports open-vocabulary classification, text-to-video retrieval, and discriminative VQA without any architecture modification. On eight video classification and eight video retrieval datasets, the average performance VL-JEPA surpasses that of CLIP, SigLIP2, and Perception Encoder. At the same time, the model achieves comparable performance as classical VLMs (InstructBLIP, QwenVL) on four VQA datasets: GQA, TallyQA, POPE and POPEv2, despite only having 1.6B parameters.

Delong Chen, Mustafa Shukor, Theo Moutakanni, Willy Chung, Jade Yu, Tejaswi Kasarla, Yejin Bang, Allen Bolourchi, Yann LeCun, Pascale Fung
arXiv:2512.10942 · cs.CV · submitted Dec 11, 2025 · updated Feb 2, 2026
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Also discussed: Feb 2026 (2 points, 0 comments) · Dec 2025 (3 points, 0 comments)