In plain words: They tested which design choices make world models that plan inside a learned abstract picture of the scene, rather than in raw pixels, succeed on physical tasks. Combining the best choices beat two leading rivals on both navigation and manipulation.
Abstract · What Drives Success in Physical Planning with Joint-Embedding Predictive World Models?
A long-standing challenge in AI is to develop agents capable of solving a wide range of physical tasks and generalizing to new, unseen tasks and environments. A popular recent approach involves training a world model from state-action trajectories and subsequently use it with a planning algorithm to solve new tasks. Planning is commonly performed in the input space, but a recent family of methods has introduced planning algorithms that optimize in the learned representation space of the world model, with the promise that abstracting irrelevant details yields more efficient planning. In this work, we characterize models from this family as JEPA-WMs and investigate the technical choices that make algorithms from this class work. We propose a comprehensive study of several key components with the objective of finding the optimal approach within the family. We conducted experiments using both simulated environments and real-world robotic data, and studied how the model architecture, the training objective, and the planning algorithm affect planning success. We combine our findings to propose a model that outperforms two established baselines, DINO-WM and V-JEPA-2-AC, in both navigation and manipulation tasks. Code, data and checkpoints are available at https://github.com/facebookresearch/jepa-wms.
Basile Terver, Tsung-Yen Yang, Jean Ponce, Adrien Bardes, Yann LeCun
arXiv:2512.24497 · cs.AI, cs.LG, cs.RO, stat.ML · submitted Dec 30, 2025 · updated Sep 2, 2026
abstract · pdf · html · V2 of the article: - Added AdaLN-zero - Added table comparing JEPA-WMs with baselines with std translating per-seed variability only, no variability across epochs - Reordered figures in main body of the paper V3: added data scaling experiments, theoretical appendix section on autoregressive rollout, acceptance at TMLR V4: Added funding acknowledgements for Jean Ponce