about
Teaching Models to Teach Themselves: Reasoning at the Edge of Learnability (arxiv.org)
4 points by gmays 244 days ago | hide | past | pdf | discuss on HN

In plain words: A teacher model invents problems for a student, scored by how much the student improves on problems it can't solve. On math sets where the student got 0 of 128 right, this beat rewarding 'learnable' problems, and clear questions mattered more than correct solutions.

Abstract

RL methods for scaling large reasoning models stall on datasets with low initial success rates, and thus little training signal. We investigate a fundamental question: Can a pretrained LLM leverage latent knowledge to generate an automated curriculum for problems it cannot solve? We explore this with SOAR: An asymmetric self-play framework that uses meta-RL to surface these pedagogical signals. A teacher model proposes synthetic problems for a student model, and is rewarded with its improvement on a subset of hard problems, thus grounding the curriculum in real student progress rather than intrinsic proxy rewards. Our study on the hardest subsets of math benchmarks (0/128 success) reveals three core findings. First, it is possible to realize bilevel meta-RL that unlocks learning under sparse, binary rewards by sharpening a latent capacity of pretrained models to generate useful problems. Second, grounded rewards outperform intrinsic learnability rewards used in prior LLM self-play, reliably avoiding typical instability and diversity collapse modes. Third, the structure and well-posedness of questions are more critical for learning progress than solution correctness. Our results suggest that the ability to generate useful stepping stones does not require the preexisting ability to solve the hard problems, paving a principled path to escape reasoning plateaus without additional curated data

Shobhita Sundaram, John Quan, Ariel Kwiatkowski, Kartik Ahuja, Yann Ollivier, Julia Kempe
arXiv:2601.18778 · cs.LG, cs.CL · submitted Jan 26, 2026 · updated Jun 30, 2026
abstract · pdf · html · ICML 2026. Blog post: https://ssundaram21.github.io/soar/

add comment on HN