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Identity, Cooperation and Framing Within Groups of Real and Simulated Humans (arxiv.org)
2 points by PaulHoule 228 days ago | hide | past | pdf | discuss on HN

In plain words: Instead of telling a chatbot to act like a persona, language models get detailed life stories so they play cooperation games as humans would. These richer stories matched human results better, and captured shifts from the study's year, question wording, and who took part.

Abstract · Identity, Cooperation and Framing Effects within Groups of Real and Simulated Humans

Humans act via a nuanced process that depends both on rational deliberation and also on identity and contextual factors. In this work, we study how large language models (LLMs) can simulate human action in the context of social dilemma games. While prior work has focused on "steering" (weak binding) of chat models to simulate personas, we analyze here how deep binding of base models with extended backstories leads to more faithful replication of identity-based behaviors. Our study has these findings: simulation fidelity vs human studies is improved by conditioning base LMs with rich context of narrative identities and checking consistency using instruction-tuned models. We show that LLMs can also model contextual factors such as time (year that a study was performed), question framing, and participant pool effects. LLMs, therefore, allow us to explore the details that affect human studies but which are often omitted from experiment descriptions, and which hamper accurate replication.

Suhong Moon, Minwoo Kang, Joseph Suh, Mustafa Safdari, John Canny
arXiv:2601.16355 · cs.CL · submitted Jan 22, 2026 · updated Jan 30, 2026
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