In plain words: One model turns text into speech, music, or sound effects by predicting compressed audio codes one after another, instead of diffusion models that paint continuous audio. It beat the best on text-to-speech and voice design while still handling speech, vocals, sound effects, and music.
Abstract
We introduce StepAudio 3 Gen, a general-purpose audio generation model that supports zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS), voice design, vocal generation, sound effects, music, vibe speech, and mixtures of multiple audio types within a unified framework. At its core, StepAudio 3 Gen is a discrete autoregressive generator that models audio directly over residual vector quantization (RVQ) tokens, departing from the diffusion Transformer-based continuous generation paradigm prevalent in recent general audio models. Its StepAudio Tokenizer represents general audio at 12.5 Hz in a shared $16 \times 2048$ residual code space, jointly quantizing semantic and waveform-level acoustic features so that each code layer preserves both types of information. For generation, the backbone predicts the first codebook along the time axis using autoregressive modeling, while a lightweight causal Transformer completes the remaining fifteen codebooks along the codebook axis. Our study further identifies three key design principles: (1) interference-aware progressive pretraining for acquiring audio capabilities while preserving the textual abilities of the large language model, (2) RVQ Adaptor for effectively incorporating multi-codebook acoustic representations, and (3) discrete autoregressive modeling over a shared representation across general audio domains. With progressive pretraining, multi-task instruction training, and supervised fine-tuning, StepAudio 3 Gen achieves state-of-the-art performance on both TTS and voice design, while retaining strong generation capabilities across speech, vocals, sound effects, and music. Audio samples are available at https://stepaudiollm.github.io/step-audio-3-gen/.
Bin Lin, Bo Zhao, Boyang Wang, Boyang Zhang, Boyong Wu, Chao Yan, Chen Geng, Chen Wu, Cheng Yi, Chengli Feng, Chenglin Zhu, DanNi Wan, et al.
arXiv:2609.12945 · cs.SD, eess.AS · submitted Sep 11, 2026
abstract · pdf · html