In plain words: Netflix built a movie ranker that reads a viewer's history and context written in plain words, replacing the usual system of thousands of hand-crafted features. In a large A/B test it beat the production ranker while using far fewer training examples and input signals.
Abstract · GenRec: An LLM-Backed Recommendation Ranker at Netflix
Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping recommender systems by enabling richer modeling of users, content, and context directly in natural language. At Netflix, we are exploring this direction through GenRec, an LLM-backed recommendation ranker built on top of an in-house foundational LLM. GenRec follows a two-phase framework: Phase 1 adapts an open-source LLM to Netflix data, developing deep understanding of the catalog and member behavior while balancing capabilities such as content understanding and instruction following. Phase 2 post-trains this foundation model with recommendation-ranking specific data, labels, and reward signals, aiming to align the ranker with business requirements and long-term member satisfaction. This paper focuses on Phase 2 and the transition from a traditional discriminative ranker with thousands of engineered features to an LLM-backed ranker driven by verbalized user histories and context. We describe our design for input verbalization and context engineering, post-training data construction, reward integration, model architecture, and a cost-constrained serving design based on a prefill-only inference approach. We report results from a large-scale A/B test comparing GenRec against the current production ranker model, where we show that a GenRec model trained with substantially fewer Phase-2 labeled training examples and input signals can achieve statistically significant gains in offline and online metrics. We discuss how LLM-backed recommenders could shift the recommendation paradigm: from feature engineering to context engineering, and from bespoke architectures to shared foundation backbones. We also outline practical lessons for serving such systems under real-world resource constraints.
Ying Li, Shradha Sehgal, Arjun Rao, Rein Houthooft, Yaochen Zhu, Ashish Rastogi
arXiv:2608.10257 · cs.IR · submitted Aug 10, 2026 · updated Aug 21, 2026
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